In the process of air compression, the air pressure is increased by consuming electric energy. At the same time, the temperature of the gas will also increase. With the increase of gas temperature, the volume of gas will expand, and it is more difficult to compress. To compress to the same pressure, more energy will be consumed. Therefore, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the compressor, the compressor should be cooled as fully as possible during the compression process. Generally, there are intercoolers and cylinder cooling water jackets, which are cooled with cooling water. In the most ideal case, the temperature after air compression does not rise, which is equal to the temperature before compression, and is called "isothermal compression".
In isothermal compression, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules does not change due to the constant temperature. When the pressure increases, the mass specific volume decreases, the distance between molecules decreases, and the potential energy of molecular interaction decreases. Therefore, the internal energy of air decreases after isothermal compression. From the thermal property diagram of air, it can be seen that the specific enthalpy of air at the same temperature decreases with the increase of pressure.
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