The transfer of heat between parts of an object in direct contact is called thermal conduction. In the case of heat conduction in liquids and solids, the transfer of energy relies on molecular collisions. Heat conduction between solid metals relies mainly on the movement of free electrons. The thermal conduction between gases, on the other hand, relies on the irregular movement of molecules. In thermal conduction, the amount of heat passing through a given area per unit of time is proportional to the temperature gradient at that point. The amount of heat flow generated by an object per unit temperature gradient is the thermal conductivity. Temperature and the type of substance are the main factors influencing thermal conductivity.
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