Reflux ratio, plate number and product purity are the three core process parameters of distillation process. These three parameters have only two degrees of freedom. Given any two parameters, the third parameter can be calculated. Before the discussion, the definition of reflux ratio, plate number and product purity should be made clear.
In fact, reflux ratio is just a conventional saying. In the distillation process, what is really used is the liquid gas ratio in the distillation section and the gas-liquid ratio in the stripping section. The reflux ratio is actually one of the above two, which is very important. It is very unreliable to talk about the reflux ratio without distinguishing the liquid-gas ratio in the distillation section from the gas-liquid ratio in the stripping section, let alone to calculate the minimum reflux ratio by using the average relative volatility and gas-liquid equilibrium data chart. The ratio of liquid to gas in the distillation section refers to the ratio of the number of moles of the reflux liquid at the top of the distillation section to the number of moles of the rising gas at the bottom of the distillation section. The gas-liquid ratio of the stripper is the ratio of the number of moles of the rising gas at the bottom of the stripper to the number of moles of the reflux liquid at the top of the stripper. Taking the distillation section as an example, distillation can also be called washing. The size of the reflux liquid at the top of the distillation section represents the washing (distillation) capacity, while the rising gas at the bottom of the distillation section represents the quantity and difficulty of washing (distillation) (the content of high boiling point products in the rising gas). The significance of the ratio of the two is very clear. Secondly, the gas-liquid exchange in the distillation process is not equal, so the liquid-gas ratio of each section is different. As for the reason why the ratio of the amount of the rising gas at the bottom of the distillation section to the amount of the liquid at the bottom of the distillation section is not used as the liquid gas ratio, it is because the amount and composition of the liquid at the bottom of the distillation section is a dependent variable rather than an independent variable. The same is true for the definition of gas-liquid ratio in stripper.
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