1 Pore
Porosity is a hole formed in the casting when the gas in the molten alloy fails to escape during the solidification of the molten alloy.
2 Inclusions
Inclusions are various metallic foreign bodies and non-metallic foreign bodies contained in the casting with a composition different from the basic composition, including metal inclusions, slag, sand.
3 shrinkage
Casting molten alloy in the solidification process, because of the alloy liquid shrinkage and solidification shrinkage can not be liquid alloy supplement in the solidification part of the formation of holes, large and concentrated holes called shrinkage, small and scattered holes called shrinkage.
4 Loose
Cast steel parts in the cooling and solidification process, the alloy occurs in the liquid state shrinkage and solid state shrinkage. Due to the lack of complementary shrinkage of the liquid alloy, in the slow solidification area appears very small hole area called sparse. Loosening can occur in different alloys in different forms, such as linear loosening, feathery loosening, spongy loosening or a combination of the three.
5 Cracking
The shrinkage of cast steel parts may be impeded during cooling at the end of solidification and at room temperature, and stresses may be generated in the casting. When the resulting stress exceeds the strength of the casting metal, the steel part cracks and forms a cracking defect.
6 Cold separation
When the casting metal liquid is filled, if the liquid cools too quickly, the two convection streams of metal stop flowing due to solidification before they are fully integrated, resulting in poor integration at the intersection of the metal liquids, which can produce penetrating or non-penetrating gaps in the casting.
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