What influence does the sealing leakage of centrifugal compressor have on the performance of compressor?

The leakage of wheel cap seal and inter-stage Seal both belong to internal leakage. Serious internal leakage will increase the energy loss of the compressor, decrease the level efficiency and compressor efficiency, and reduce the displacement. However, the influence mechanism of the two is also different: the leakage of the wheel cap seal is to make the compressed gas return to the impeller, and then conduct the second level compression, which mainly increases the total power consumption of the stage; the leakage of the inter-stage seal is the air running between the stages, which will increase the low pressure cascade ratio and decrease the high pressure cascade ratio.
Although the serious leakage of the balance disc seal has little influence on the performance of the compressor, it has great influence on the safe operation of centrifugal compressor.
The leakage of shaft seal belongs to external leakage. External leakage refers to the leakage of gas from the seal to the outside of the chassis. It goes without saying that serious external leakage will directly lead to the reduction of compressor exhaust volume.