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The principle and characteristics of large air separation plant cryogenic nitrogen production

The principle and characteristics of large air separation plant cryogenic nitrogen production
Jun 15, 2023
Author: DEAR AST

Nitrogen is the main component of air, accounting for about 78% of air. With the progress of science and technology and economic development, the application of nitrogen is expanding and has penetrated into many industrial sectors and daily life.

There are several main methods of producing nitrogen. One of them is liquid air separation nitrogen, which is a traditional method of nitrogen production and has a history of nearly decades. It uses air as a raw material, compresses it, purifies it and then uses heat exchange to liquefy the air into liquid air. Liquid air is mainly a mixture of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, using the different boiling points of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen (at 1 atm, the boiling point of the former is -183°C, the latter is -196°C), through the distillation of liquid air, so that they are separated to obtain nitrogen.Large air separation and liquid air separation of nitrogen is characterised by high gas production, high purity of the product nitrogen, and can be stored in liquid nitrogen storage tanks, suitable for large air separatio industrial nitrogen production.

The current large air separation plant production of oxygen and nitrogen gas-liquid products, especially products requiring high purity, low-temperature separation method has an irreplaceable competitive advantage, and only low-temperature separation method can simultaneously produce argon and other rare gas products, so the low-temperature method in the industrial application of large air separation and liquid air separation occupies a very important position.

Dear Air Separation has rich technology and experience in production and design to meet the large air separation and liquid air separation nitrogen production needs of our customers.4

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When the amount of processing air is reduced, the rising steam and reflux liquid in the upper column will be reduced, but the reflux ratio will not change. Therefore, the reduction of processing air in a small range will not affect the purity of oxygen and nitrogen, and the reduction of processing air volume will help to reduce the pressure of the upper and lower columns. However, according to the material balance, the production of oxygen and nitrogen will naturally decrease when the amount of processing air is reduced. If the amount of processing air is too small, there will be leakage on the tray. If the heat and mass exchange of the leaked liquid is not sufficient, the purity of oxygen and nitrogen will be greatly affected, and even the normal production can not be realized. Therefore, the minimum allowable load of distillation column is generally specified.
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