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What is the function of the distillation tower in air separation equipment?

What is the function of the distillation tower in air separation equipment?
Dec 18, 2024
Author: DEAR AST

The distillation tower of air separation equipment is a device used for gas separation and distillation, playing a key role in the field of air separation. Its main function is to separate the mixed gas according to different components to meet the needs of the production process.
The air separation distillation tower can utilize the differences in physical or chemical properties of each component in the mixed gas, such as boiling point, molecular weight, polarity, surface properties, etc., to achieve precise separation of the mixed gas through the gas-liquid two-phase countercurrent contact and phase transfer in the packing layer inside the tower. In the tower, light components (such as nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) will gradually rise to the top of the tower, while heavy components (such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc.) will gradually deposit to the bottom of the tower, thus achieving effective separation of mixed gases.
By using an air separation distillation tower, impurities in the mixed gas can be gradually separated, thereby improving the purity of the required components. Many products require a certain level of purity to meet usage requirements. The distillation tower can gradually remove impurities and significantly improve product purity through multiple distillation and condensation processes.
The air separation distillation tower body is the main part of the distillation tower, consisting of upper and lower parts. The upper part is a liquid collector used to collect the separated gas; The lower part is the packing layer, which is used to increase the surface area and contact time, and improve the fractionation efficiency. The inlet and outlet are respectively used for injecting mixed gas and discharging separated gas.

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When the amount of processing air is reduced, the rising steam and reflux liquid in the upper column will be reduced, but the reflux ratio will not change. Therefore, the reduction of processing air in a small range will not affect the purity of oxygen and nitrogen, and the reduction of processing air volume will help to reduce the pressure of the upper and lower columns. However, according to the material balance, the production of oxygen and nitrogen will naturally decrease when the amount of processing air is reduced. If the amount of processing air is too small, there will be leakage on the tray. If the heat and mass exchange of the leaked liquid is not sufficient, the purity of oxygen and nitrogen will be greatly affected, and even the normal production can not be realized. Therefore, the minimum allowable load of distillation column is generally specified.
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