When boiling water, we can see that under atmospheric pressure, the temperature rises to 100 ℃, and the water begins to boil. However, water does not all at once become steam, but the amount of steam increases as it absorbs heat. The phase where vapor and liquid coexist is called the "saturated state". The steam in this state is called "saturated steam" and the water is called "saturated water". During the entire vaporization stage, steam and water have the same temperature, so it is also called "saturation temperature".
The situation at the top of the distillation column is similar. Gas nitrogen and liquid nitrogen coexist in a saturated state with the same saturation temperature. However, saturated liquids and saturated vapors at the same temperature belong to different states. The heat released by saturated vapor can be condensed into a saturated liquid at a constant temperature, which is called "latent heat of condensation"; "Saturated liquid absorbs heat and can be vaporized into saturated vapor at a constant temperature, which is called" latent heat of evaporation. ". For the same substance, under the same pressure, the two are numerically equal.
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