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Causes of reduced efficiency of piston expanders in small air separation unit

Causes of reduced efficiency of piston expanders in small air separation unit
Sep 23, 2025
Author: DEAR AST

The ratio of the actual expansion refrigeration capacity of the expander to the theoretical isentropic expansion refrigeration capacity is the efficiency of the expander. In small air separation unit operation, the efficiency of the expander is generally reduced for the following reasons: poor cooling, the outside world has more heat transfer, pay attention to keep the insulation material dry; inlet and exhaust valves are not closed, exhaust valve seat pressure sleeve top wire is too loose or inlet and exhaust valve rod at the seal is not tight, etc. caused by gas leakage; inlet and exhaust valve opening and closing lag, too much resistance or too much friction heat will cause the piston expander efficiency is reduced.

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Generally, the actual cooling capacity of expander is always less than the theoretical cooling capacity. Under the same inlet and outlet pressure and inlet gas temperature, the lower the efficiency of expander, the smaller the unit refrigerant cooling capacity and the smaller the temperature drop efficiency of expander. The efficiency of expander depends on the size of various losses inside the expander. Due to the existence of various losses, the ability of gas to do external work is reduced in varying degrees. To sum up, the losses mainly include the following aspects: 1. When the air flow passes through the work wheel and the deflector, the loss caused by friction and air flow impact on the runner surface is called flow loss. 2. When the impeller is rotating, the friction heat generated by the gas around the wheel disc will increase the temperature of the gas, which is called friction blast loss. 3. When the gas passes through the deflector, the leakage from the gap bet
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