When boiling water, we can see that under atmospheric pressure, the temperature rises to 100 ℃ and the water begins to boil. However, water is not completely transformed into steam at once, but the amount of steam continuously increases as it absorbs heat. The stage where vapor and liquid coexist is called the "saturation state". The steam in this state is called "saturated steam", and the water is called "saturated water". During the entire vaporization stage, steam and water have the same temperature, so it is also called "saturation temperature".
The situation at the top of the distillation tower is similar, where gas nitrogen and liquid nitrogen coexist in a saturated state with the same saturation temperature. However, saturated liquids and saturated vapors at the same temperature belong to different states. The heat released by saturated vapor can condense into a saturated liquid, keeping the temperature constant. This part of the heat is called "latent heat of condensation"; The heat absorbed by a saturated liquid can be vaporized into saturated vapor, and the temperature remains constant at the saturation temperature. This part of the heat is called "latent heat of evaporation". For the same substance, under the same pressure, the two are numerically equal.
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