When the sieve tray tower works, the gas rises from the lower part, passes through the holes on each layer of sieve tray, bubbles through the liquid on the sieve tray, and the gas and liquid contact each other for heat and mass exchange. When the rising gas reaches a certain speed, the liquid layer on the sieve plate can be divided into three regions, namely, the bubbling layer, the foam layer and the spray layer. The size of the three regions depends on the speed of the air flow.