Operation of cryogenic air separation equipment

The start-up phase of the whole low-pressure oxygen generator is that liquid empty appears first in the lower tower, and then liquid oxygen appears in the upper tower. The cold energy needed to accumulate liquid in the tower mainly comes from the expansion machine, which uses the low temperature gas after expansion to make part of the air liquefaction in the liquid purifier. But the upper tower itself can not produce liquid, it mainly depends on the liquid from the lower tower into the upper tower. In the phase of hydrops, in order to accumulate the liquid level as soon as possible, the cooling volume should be transferred to the tower as much as possible, the phenomena of overcooling, temperature difference at the hot end and cold loss increase caused by excess cooling of switching heat exchanger should be avoided. As for how to recycle and transfer the cold volume of the air expansion into the tower, whether it is by the liquid purifier to transfer the cold volume to the lower tow...

What are the impacts of scaling in the cooling system of air separation equipment and how can it be prevented?